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Criticism of multiculturalism questions the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a state. Multiculturalism is a particular subject of debate in certain European nations that were once associated with a single, national cultural ethos.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.spiked-online.com/Articles/0000000CA4C4.htm )〕 Critics of multiculturalism may argue against cultural integration of different ethnic and cultural groups to the existing laws and values of the country. Alternatively critics may argue for assimilation of different ethnic and cultural groups to a single national identity. Another kind of criticism regarding multiculturalism involves a more thorough understanding of the 'host' nation's colonial history. Sneja Gunew's book "Haunted Nations: The colonial dimensions of multiculturalism" dissects multiculturalism as a governmental strategy, which among other things serves to manage the nation's minority immigrants. According to Gunew's research, multiculturalism can serve as a mask for societies which would prefer to be perceived as "transcendently homogeneous in spite of their heterogeneity".〔 Thus, the colonial dimensions of the nation's history proves to drastically affect a 'minority's' formation of identity, while also commodifying 'cultural difference' as fetish. Étienne Balibar makes claim that multiculturalism actually insulates a less overt kind of racism called "differentialist racism," which hinges upon the "visibility of 'difference'". The kinds of racist implications of recognizing visible 'difference', warns Gunew, is that the viewer assumes certain "lifestyle incompatibilities". This might not appear to be racist, but Balibar says it is "a racism which, at first sight, does not postulate the superiority of certain groups or people in relation to others but 'only' … the incompatibility of life-styles and traditions". ==Australia== (詳細はOne Nation Party, was formed by Pauline Hanson in the late 1990s. The party enjoyed brief electoral success, most notably in its home state of Queensland, but is now electorally marginalized. One Nation called for the abolition of multiculturalism alleging that it represented "a threat to the very basis of the Australian culture, identity and shared values", arguing that there was "no reason why migrant cultures should be maintained at the expense of our shared, national culture."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=One Nation's Immigration, Population and Social Cohesion Policy 1998 )〕 A Federal Government proposal in 2006 to introduce a compulsory citizenship test, which would assess English skills and knowledge of Australian values, sparked renewed debate over the future of multiculturalism in Australia. Andrew Robb, then Parliamentary Secretary for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, told a conference in November 2006 that some Australians worried the term "multicultural" had been transformed by interest groups into a philosophy that put "allegiances to original culture ahead of national loyalty, a philosophy which fosters separate development, a federation of ethnic cultures, not one community". He added: "A community of separate cultures fosters a rights mentality, rather than a responsibilities mentality. It is divisive. It works against quick and effective integration."〔The Courier Mail: National identity in spotlight, November 28, 2006 ().〕 The Australian citizenship test commenced in October 2007 for all new citizens between the ages of 18 and 60.〔Department of Immigration and Citizenship: Overview of the citizenship test ()〕 In January 2007 the Howard Government removed the word "multicultural" from the name of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, changing its name to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Criticism of multiculturalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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